000 11205pam a2200409 i 4500
001 013694067
003 ‫‪EG-GaU‬‬
005 20211215152027.0
008 070305m20079999ne a b 001 0 eng d
015 _aGBA720201
_2bnb
016 7 _a013694067
_2Uk
020 _a9780080467320 (v. 1) :
_c£54.99
020 _a0080467326 (v. 1) :
_c£54.99
040 _aStDuBDS
_beng
_erda
_cStDuBDS
_dUk
_dEG-GaU
082 0 4 _a665.544
_223
_bK.S.M.
100 1 _aKyriakides, S.,
_eauthor.
_9717
245 1 0 _aMechanics of Offshore Pipelines /
_cby Stelios Kyriakides and Edmundo Corona.
264 1 _aAmsterdam ;
_aLondon :
_bElsevier,
_c2007.
264 1 _c©2007
300 _axiii, 401 Pages:
_billustrations (some color) ;
_c25 cm.
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
_btxt
337 _aunmediated
_2rdamedia
_bn
338 _avolume
_2rdacarrier
_bnc
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
505 1 _avolume 1. Buckling and collapse.
505 0 _aPrefacep. xi 1 Introductionp. 1 1.1 Offshore Pipeline Design Considerationsp. 6 1.2 Buckling and Collapse of Structuresp. 8 1.3 Buckle Propagation in Offshore Pipelinesp. 12 2 Offshore Facilities and Pipeline Installation Methodsp. 15 2.1 Offshore Platforms and Related Production Systemsp. 16 2.1.1 Fixed Platformsp. 16 2.1.2 Floating and Tethered Platformsp. 22 2.2 Offshore Pipeline Installation Methodsp. 34 2.2.1 S-Layp. 34 2.2.2 J-Layp. 38 2.2.3 Reelingp. 43 2.2.4 Towingp. 48 2.3 The Mardi Gras Projectp. 52 3 Pipe and Tube Manufacturing Processesp. 59 3.1 Steelmaking for Line Pipep. 60 3.1.1 Strengthening of Steelp. 60 3.2 Plate Productionp. 63 3.2.1 Steelmakingp. 64 3.2.2 Vertical Continuous Casting of Slabsp. 64 3.2.3 Plate Rollingp. 65 3.3 Seamless Pipep. 70 3.3.1 Continuous Casting of Round Billetsp. 70 3.3.2 Plug Millp. 72 3.3.3 Mandrel Millp. 74 3.3.4 Pilger Millp. 76 3.4 Electric Resistance Welded Pipep. 78 3.5 Spiral Weld Pipep. 80 3.6 UOE Pipe Manufacturep. 81 3.7 JCO Formingp. 86 4 Buckling and Collapse Under External Pressurep. 89 4.1 Elastic Bucklingp. 89 4.1.1 Imperfect Pipep. 92 4.2 Plastic Bucklingp. 94 4.2.1 Lateral Pressurep. 96 4.2.2 Hydrostatic Pressurep. 97 4.2.3 Pressure with Zero Axial Strainp. 97 4.3 Nonlinear Formulationp. 99 4.3.1 Kinematicsp. 100 4.3.2 Constitutive Behaviorp. 100 4.3.3 Principle of Virtual Workp. 101 4.3.4 Examplesp. 102 4.4 Factors Affecting Pipe Collapsep. 104 4.4.1 Collapse Pressure Experimentsp. 104 4.4.2 Prediction of Collapse Pressuresp. 106 4.4.3 Effect of Initial Ovalityp. 108 4.4.4 Type of Pressure Loadingp. 111 4.4.5 Wall Thickness Variationsp. 112 4.4.6 Effect of Material Stress-Strain Responsep. 114 4.4.7 Residual Stressesp. 115 4.4.8 Anisotropic Yieldingp. 115 4.4.9 An Approximate Estimate of Collapse Pressurep. 117 4.5 Representative Seamless Pipe Imperfectionsp. 118 4.5.1 Imperfection Scanning Systemp. 118 4.5.2 Data Reductionp. 119 4.5.3 Four Examplesp. 121 4.6 Conclusions and Design Recommendationsp. 128 5 Collapse of UOE Pipe Under External Pressurep. 131 5.1 Collapse Pressure of UOE Pipep. 131 5.2 Prediction of Collapse Pressure of UOE Pipep. 136 5.3 Improvement of Compressive Properties by Heat Treatment of the Pipep. 137 5.4 One-Dimensional Model of UOE Pipe Formingp. 140 5.5 Two-Dimensional Models of UOE/UOCp. 144 5.5.1 UOE/UOC Forming Stepsp. 144 5.5.2 Numerical Simulationp. 147 5.5.3 An Example of UOE Formingp. 148 5.5.4 Parametric Study-Optimization of UOE/UOCp. 155 5.6 Conclusions and Recommendationsp. 161 6 Collapse of Dented Pipes Under External Pressurep. 164 6.1 Dent Characteristicsp. 164 6.2 Denting and Collapse Experimentsp. 165 6.2.1 Indentionp. 165 6.2.2 Collapse Experimentsp. 168 6.3 Modeling of Denting and Collapsep. 170 6.3.1 Prediction of Collapse Pressure of Dented Tubesp. 171 6.4 Universal Collapse Resistance Curves for Dented Pipesp. 175 6.4.1 Localization of Collapse Under External Pressurep. 175 6.4.2 The Universal Collapse Resistance Curvep. 177 6.5 Conclusions and Recommendationsp. 180 7 Buckling and Collapse Under Combined External Pressure and Tensionp. 181 7.1 Elastic Bucklingp. 183 7.2 Plastic Bucklingp. 185 7.3 Nonlinear Formulationp. 186 7.3.1 Examplesp. 187 7.4 Collapse Under External Pressure and Tensionp. 188 7.4.1 Experimental Results and Numerical Predictionsp. 190 7.5 Additional Parametric Studyp. 192 7.6 Conclusions and Recommendationsp. 194 8 Inelastic Response, Buckling and Collapse Under Pure Bendingp. 196 8.1 Features of Inelastic Bendingp. 196 8.2 Bending Experimentsp. 198 8.3 Formulationp. 208 8.3.1 Kinematicsp. 209 8.3.2 Constitutive Behaviorp. 210 8.3.3 Principle of Virtual Workp. 210 8.3.4 Bifurcation Buckling Under Pure Bendingp. 211 8.4 Predictionsp. 214 8.5 Parametric Studyp. 219 8.6 Summary and Recommendationsp. 223 9 Buckling and Collapse Under Combined Bending and External Pressurep. 225 9.1 Features of Inelastic Bending of Tubes Under External Pressurep. 225 9.2 Combined Bending-External Pressure Experimentsp. 226 9.2.1 Test Facilitiesp. 227 9.2.2 Experimental Resultsp. 229 9.3 Formulationp. 233 9.3.1 Principle of Virtual Workp. 234 9.3.2 Bifurcation Buckling Under Combined Bending and External Pressurep. 235 9.4 Predictionsp. 235 9.5 Factors That Affect Collapsep. 238 9.5.1 Effect of Hardening Rulep. 238 9.5.2 Bifurcation Bucklingp. 239 9.5.3 Effect of Residual Stressesp. 240 9.5.4 Asymmetric Modes of Collapsep. 243 9.5.5 Effect of Wall Thickness Variationsp. 248 9.5.6 Effect of Material Stress-Strain Responsep. 249 9.5.7 Effect of Anisotropic Yieldingp. 250 9.6 Collapse of UOE Pipe Bent Under External Pressurep. 251 9.6.1 Experimentsp. 252 9.6.2 Analysisp. 256 9.7 Conclusions and Recommendationsp. 257 10 Inelastic Response Under Combined Bending and Tensionp. 260 10.1 Features of Tube Bending Under Tensionp. 261 10.2 Combined Bending-Tension Experimentsp. 261 10.2.1 Test Facilityp. 261 10.2.2 Experimental Procedure and Resultsp. 264 10.3.2 Formulationp. 270 10.4 Predictionsp. 274 10.4.1 Simulation of Experimentsp. 274 10.5 Parametric Studyp. 275 10.5.1 Effect of Loading Pathp. 275 10.5.2 Transverse Force on Axis of Pipep. 276 10.5.3 Effect of Curvaturep. 276 10.5.4 Effect of Yield Anisotropy and Residual Stressesp. 277 10.6 Conclusions and Recommendationsp. 278 11 Plastic Buckling and Collapse Under Axial Compressionp. 280 11.1 Features of Axial Plastic Bucklingp. 281 11.2 Axial Buckling Experimentsp. 283 11.2.1 Experimental Setupp. 283 11.2.2 Experimental Resultsp. 285 11.3 Onset of Axisymmetric Wrinklingp. 293 11.3.1 Formulationp. 293 11.3.2 Predictionsp. 296 11.4 Evolution of Wrinklingp. 297 11.4.1 Kinematicsp. 297 11.4.2 Principle of Virtual Workp. 299 11.4.3 Constitutive Equationsp. 299 11.4.4 Axisymmetric Solutionp. 299 11.4.5 Localization of Axisymmetric Wrinklingp. 304 11.4.6 Bifurcation into Non-Axisymmetric Buckling Modesp. 305 11.5 Non-Axisymmetric Buckling and Collapsep. 308 11.5.1 Resultsp. 309 11.6 Parametric Studyp. 314 11.7 Summary and Recommendationsp. 316 12 Combined Internal Pressure and Axial Compressionp. 319 12.1 Combined Axial Compression-Internal Pressure Experimentsp. 319 12.1.1 Experimental Set-Upp. 320 12.1.2 Experimental Resultsp. 321 12.2 Onset of Axisymmetric Wrinklingp. 327 12.2.1 Formulationp. 327 12.2.2 Predictionsp. 328 12.3 Evolution of Wrinklingp. 329 12.4 Parametric Studyp. 332 12.5 Summary and Recommendationsp. 334 13 Elements of Plasticity Theoryp. 336 13.1 Preliminariesp. 336 13.1.1 Aspects of Uniaxial Behaviorp. 336 13.1.2 Discontinuous Yieldingp. 339 13.1.3 Multiaxial Behaviorp. 342 13.1.4 Yield Criteriap. 342 13.2 Incremental Plasticityp. 345 13.2.1 The Flow Rulep. 345 13.2.2 J[subscript 2] Flow Theory with Isotropic Hardeningp. 346 13.3 The Deformation Theory of Plasticityp. 349 13.3.1 The J[subscript 2] Deformation Theoryp. 349 13.3.2 Incremental J[subscript 2] Deformation Theoryp. 350 13.3.3 Anisotropic Deformation Theoryp. 351 13.4 Nonlinear Kinematic Hardeningp. 352 13.4.1 The Drucker-Palgen Model [13.19]p. 353 13.4.2 The Dafalias-Popov Two-Surface Modelp. 355 13.4.3 The Tseng-Lee Two-Surface Modelp. 358 Appendix A Mechanical Testingp. 361 A.1 Tensile and Compressive Material Stress-Strain Responsesp. 361 A.1.1 Tension Testsp. 361 A.1.2 Compression Testsp. 363 A.2 Toughnessp. 365 A.2.1 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test (CVN)p. 365 A.2.2 Drop-Weight Tear Test (DWTT)p. 368 A.3 Hardness Testsp. 368 A.4 Residual Stressesp. 369 Appendix B Plastic Anisotropy in Tubesp. 371 B.1 Anisotropy Testsp. 371 B.1.1 Lateral Pressure Testp. 372 B.1.2 Hydrostatic Pressure Testp. 373 B.1.3 Torsion Testp. 374 Appendix C The Ramberg-Osgood Stress-Strain Fitp. 376 Appendix D Sanders' Circular Cylindrical Shell Equationsp. 378 Appendix E Stress-Strain Fitting for the Dafalias-Popov Modelp. 380 Appendix F Stress-Strain Fitting for the Tseng-Lee Modelp. 383 Appendix G Glossary and Nomenclaturep. 386 Appendix H Units and Conversionsp. 393 Indexp. 395
520 _aOffshore oil and gas production was conducted throughout the entire 20th century, but the industry's modern importance and vibrancy did not start until the early 1970s, when the North Sea became a major producer. Since then, the expansion of the offshore oil industry has been continuous and rapid. Pipelines, and more generally long tubular structures, are major oil and gas industry tools used in exploration, drilling, production, and transmission. Installing and operating tubular structures in deep waters places unique demands on them. Technical challenges within the field have spawned significant research and development efforts in a broad range of areas. Volume I addresses problems of buckling and collapse of long inelastic cylinders under various loads encountered in the offshore arena. Several of the solutions are also directly applicable to land pipelines. The approach of Mechanics of Offshore Pipelines is problem oriented. The background of each problem and scenario are first outlined and each discussion finishes with design recommendations.
650 7 _aPetroleum pipelines.
_9718
_2GU-sh
650 7 _aNatural gas pipelines.
_9719
_2GU-sh
650 7 _aUnderwater pipelines.
_9720
_2GU-sh
650 7 _aOffshore structures.
_9721
_2GU-sh
700 1 _aCorona, Edmundo,
_9722
_eauthor.
942 _cBK
_2ddc
999 _c285
_d285