Preface / Karel Davids -- Reforming senates in the post-revolutionary North-Atlantic world : an introduction / Nikolaj Bijleveld and WybrenVerstegen -- Senates and bicameralism in revolutionary Europe (c.1795-1800) / Joris Oddens -- The rise and fall of the quasi-bicameral system of Norway (1814-2007) / Eivind Smith -- Members of the senate in the southern Netherlands (Belgium) between restoration and revolution (1815-1831) / Els Witte -- A liberal senate : the Danish Landsting of 1849 / Flemming Juul Christiansen -- The Senate of Canada : renewed life to an original intent / David E. Smith -- Constitutional conservatism, anti-democratic ideology, and the elective principle in British North America's upper legislative houses, 1848-1867 / Colin Grittner -- Aristocratic populism : the Belgian Senate and the language of democracy,1848-1893 / Marnix Beyen -- Rejecting the upper chamber : national unity, democratisation and imperial rule in the Grand Duchy of Finland,1860-1906 / Onni Pekonen -- The Swedish Senate1867-1970 : from elitist moderniser to democratic subordinate / Torbjörn Nilsson -- The senate and the 'social majority' : JoannesTheodorus Buijs (1826-1893) about a "meritocracy" in the Netherlands (1848-1887) / Wybren Verstegen -- The Irish Senate, 1920-1936 / John Dorney -- The vitality of the Dutch senate : two ccenturies of reforms and staying in power / Bertvanden Braak -- Marginalising the upper house : Canada's Liberal Party, the Senate and democratic reform in 1920s Canada / Adam Coombs -- Vocational voices or puppets of the lower house? : Irish senators,1938-1948 / Martin O'Donoghue -- The rise and fall of bicameralism in Sweden,1866-1970 / Joakim Nergelius -- Unicameralism in Denmark : abolition of the senate, current functioning and debates / Asbjørn Skjaevel -- Precarious bicameralism? : senates in Ireland from the late Middle Ages to the oresent / Muiris MacCarthaigh and Shane Martin -- Founding principles, constitutional conventions, and the representation of Francophones living outside of Quebec in the Canadian Senate since 1867 / LindaCardinal.

"This original and new study of senates in small powers across the North Atlantic shows that the establishment and reform of these upper legislative houses have followed remarkably parallel trajectories. Senate reforms emerged in the wake of deep political crises within the Atlantic World, and were influenced by the comparatively weak positions of small powers. Reformers responded to crises and constantly looked beyond borders and oceans for inspiration to keep their senates relevant"-- Provided by publisher.

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