Renal replacement therapy is a kind of therapy in which the normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys is replaced. It is primarily used when the kidneys are not functioning well, which is known as renal failure. It includes acute kidney injuries and chronic kidney diseases. Dialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, etc. are the various ways of filtration of blood involved in renal replacement therapy. It also includes kidney transplantation in which the infected kidney is replaced by the donor's kidney. These treatments are life-extending treatments and are not truly cures for kidney diseases. The process of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration can use an arteriovenous route or a venovenous route and can be continuous or intermittent. This results in various types of RRT such as continuous renal replacement therapy, continuous hemodialysis, continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis, intermittent renal replacement therapy, intermittent hemodialysis and intermittent venovenous hemodialysis. This book studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of renal replacement therapy and its utmost significance in modern times. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. Researchers and students in this field will be greatly assisted by this book.